Advancing facial reconstruction with Geomagic Freeform

A UK craniofacial identification lab is making notable contributions in the fields of criminal forensics and heritage with the aid of Geomagic Freeform.

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Facial identification in forensic investigations has evolved rapidly thanks to 3D modelling and haptic technology. One notable application can be found at Face Lab, a craniofacial identification lab based at Liverpool John Moores University. Spearheaded by Professor Caroline Wilkinson, the organisation has made notable contributions to high-profile investigations in the fields of criminal forensics and heritage by using Geomagic Freeform software and the Haptic Touch X device. 

Digital sculpting with Geomagic Freeform

These digital tools have enabled Face Lab to create highly accurate 3D facial reconstructions. In Geomagic Freeform, users can manipulate digital models with a sculptural, freeform approach to create intricate and precise details. Coupled with haptic feedback technology, this setup allows forensic artists to “feel” the surface of a virtual face, offering an enhanced sense of control and precision in reconstructing complex structures. The experience is similar to traditional sculpting, but with the flexibility of digital tools.

OR3D, a UK-based distributor of 3D scanning measurement solutions, supplied Face Lab with the haptic device and Geomagic Freeform. Professor Wilkinson’s team has used this combination to reconstruct the faces of unidentified murder victims, aiding police investigations and, in some cases, leading to successful identifications. 

 

Reconstructing the face of Robert the Bruce

Face Lab has carried out important work in identification of historical figures. Professor Wilkinson and her team famously reconstructed the face of Robert the Bruce, the 14th-century Scottish King. This system featured on the BBC series Expert Witness, showcasing the capability of digital reconstruction technology for the identification of human remains. 

The process at Face Lab begins with the acquisition of skull data, typically obtained through high-resolution 3D scans or CT scans. For the case of Robert the Bruce, Face Lab worked with casts of what is believed to be the king’s skull, ensuring a scientifically accurate foundation for the reconstruction.

Geomagic Freeform on a monitor in Face Lab

The data of Robert the Bruce’s skull was loaded into Geomagic Freeform to create a highly detailed 3D facial reconstruction. By digitally sculpting over casts of the king’s skull, Face Lab’s team carefully applied forensic techniques to determine the facial features, including soft tissue depth and facial structure. 

"I have been utilising this technology since 2000 and it has been critical to the development of our research and impact activity. The haptic interface enables a touch-based experience similar to sculpture and this directly influenced our choice of equipment"
Professor Caroline Wilkinson
Using haptic feedback, Face Lab carefully layer virtual “flesh” onto the bone structure, following forensic standards. The 3D model was then exported into a CGI application for the addition of the texture and colours.
 
 
The final output is a digital model that resembles a realistic face. The 3D image not only offered a visual representation of Robert the Bruce but also contributed to ongoing research in digital human representation and forensic facial reconstruction.
Robert The Bruce
Applications in forensic and academic research
Face Lab’s innovative use of this technology has proven valuable in both forensic and historical contexts. In modern forensic applications, the lab’s reconstructions have provided essential visual leads to help identify unknown victims in murder investigations. By producing a detailed digital representation of an unidentified individual, Face Lab supports law enforcement efforts, often offering the public a face to recognise, which can be crucial in cold case investigations.
A selection of facial visualisations made at face Lab

A selection of facial visualisations made at Face Lab

In historical research, Face Lab’s reconstructions have brought renewed interest to historical figures and influenced the development of 3D facial avatars in digital humanities and entertainment fields. They are at the forefront of advancing digital human representation, providing insights that inform the development of facial recognition and avatar technologies. 

The forefront of facial recognition

Face Lab’s work has gained widespread recognition and raised awareness of the science behind forensic facial depiction and the ways in which it contributes to the justice system. Their portrayal of historical figures like Robert emphasises the important role 3D portraits play in connecting the public to history.